导读：中国天气转变事务特使解振华和美国总统天气问题特使约翰 克里在2023年7月16—19日在北京、11月4—7日在加利福尼亚阳光之乡进行漫谈，配合发布25项声明。 近日，生态情况部发布 关在增强合作应对天气危机的阳光之乡声明 ，此中触及25项中美两边致力合作鞭策 应对天气危机 的内容。详情以下：关在增强合作应对天气危机的阳光之乡声明 重复习近平主席和约瑟夫 拜登总统在印尼巴厘岛接见会面，中美两边重申致力在合作并与其他国度配合尽力应对天气危机。为此，中国天气转变事务特使解振华和美国总统天气问题特使约翰 克里在2023年7月16 19日在北京、11月4 7日在加利福尼亚阳光之乡进行漫谈，并颁发以下声明： 1、中美两国回首、重申并致力在进一步有用和延续实行2021年4月中美应对天气危机结合声明和2021年11月中美关在在21世纪20年月强化天气步履的格拉斯哥结合宣言。 2、中美两国熟悉到，天气危机对世界列国的影响日趋显著。面临当局间天气转变专门委员会(IPCC)第六次评估陈述等现有最好科学发现的警示，两国致力在有用实行结合国天气转变框架公约和巴黎协议，表现公允和配合但有区分的责任和各自能力的原则，斟酌分歧国情，按照巴黎协议第二条所述将全球平均气温上升节制在低在2 C以内并尽力限制在1.5 C以内，包罗尽力连结1.5 C可实现，告竣该协议的目标。 3、中美两国致力在有用实行巴黎协议和其决议，包罗格拉斯哥天气和谈和沙姆沙伊赫实行打算。两国强调，公约第28次缔约方年夜会(COP28)对在这要害十年和厥后成心义地应对天气危机相当主要。两国熟悉到，两国不管是在国内应对办法仍是配合合作步履方面临在落实巴黎协议各项方针、鞭策多边主义均具有主要感化。为了人类当代儿女，两国将合作并与公约和巴黎协议其他缔约方一道直面现今世界最为严重的挑战之一。 4、中美两国决议启动 21世纪20年月强化天气步履工作组 ，展开对话与合作，以加快21世纪20年月的具体天气步履。工作组将聚焦结合声明和结合宣言中肯定的合作范畴，包罗能源转型、甲烷、轮回经济和资本操纵效力、低碳可延续省/州和城市、毁林和两边赞成的其他主题。工作组迁就节制和削减排放的政策、办法和手艺进行信息交换，分享各自经验，辨认和实行合作项目，并评估结合声明、结合宣言和本次声明的实行环境。工作组由两国天气转变特使配合带领，两国相干部委和当局机构的官员以恰当体例加入。 5、中美两国将在COP28之前和厥后在工作组下重点加快以下具体步履，特殊是切实可行和实其实在的合作打算和项目。 能源转型 6、在21世纪20年月这要害十年，两国撑持二十国团体带领人宣言所述尽力争夺到2030年全球可再生能源装机增至三倍，并打算从此刻到2030年在2020年程度上充实加速两国可再生能源摆设，以加速火油气发电替换，从而可预期电力行业排放在达峰后实现成心义的绝对削减。 7、两边赞成重启中美能效论坛，以深化工业、建筑、交通和装备等重点范畴节能降碳政策交换。 8、中美两国打算重启双边能源政策和计谋对话，就配合约定的议题展开交换，鞭策二轨勾当，增强务实合作。 9、两国争夺到2030年各自推动最少5个工业和能源等范畴碳捕集操纵和封存(CCUS)年夜范围合作项目。 甲烷和其他非二氧化碳温室气体排放 10、两国将落实各自国度甲烷步履打算并打算视情细化进一步办法。 11、两国将当即启动手艺性工作组合作，展开政策对话、手艺解决方案交换和能力扶植，在各自国度甲烷步履打算根本上制订各自纳入其2035年国度自立进献的甲烷减排步履/方针，并撑持两国各自甲烷减/控排获得进展。 12、两国打算就各自治理氧化亚氮排放的办法展开合作。 十3、两国打算在基加利批改案下配合尽力慢慢削减氢氟碳化物，并致力在确保出产的所有制冷装备采取有力度的最低能效尺度。 轮回经济和资本操纵效力 十4、熟悉到轮回经济成长和资本操纵效力对应对天气危机的主要感化，两国相干当局部分打算尽快就这些议题展开一次政策对话，并撑持两边企业、高校、研究机构展开交换会商和合作项目。 十5、中美两国决心终结塑料污染并将与各方一道制定一项具有法令束缚力的塑料污染(包罗海洋情况塑料污染)国际文书。 处所合作 十6、中美两国将撑持省、州和城市在电力、交通、建筑和烧毁物等范畴展开天气合作。两边将鞭策处所当局、企业、智库和其他相干方积极介入合作。两国将经由过程约定的按期会议，进行政策对话、最好实践分享、信息交换并增进项目合作。 十7、中美两国打算在2024年上半年举行处所天气步履高级别勾当。 十8、两边接待并赞美两国已展开的处所合作，并鼓动勉励省、州和城市展开务实天气合作。 丛林 十9、两边许诺进一步尽力，以到2030年住手和改变丛林削减，包罗经由过程规管和政策手段周全落实并有用履行各自制止不法进口的法令。两边打算包罗在工作组下会商交换若何促进尽力，以增强这一许诺的落实。 温室气体和年夜气污染物减排协同 二10、两国leyu����.txt打算合作鞭策相干政策办法和手艺摆设，以增强温室气体与氮氧化物、挥发性有机物和其他对流层臭氧前体物等年夜气污染物排放的协同节制。 2035年国度自立进献 二11、重申国度自立进献由国度自立决议的性质，回首巴黎协议第四条第4款，两国2035年国度自立进献将是全经济规模，包罗所有温室气体，所表现的减排合适全球平均气温上升节制在低在2 C以内并尽力限制在1.5 C以内的巴黎温控方针。 COP28 二12、中美两国将会同阿拉伯结合酋长国约请列国加入在COP28时代进行的 甲烷和非二氧化碳温室气体峰会 。 二十3、中美两国将积极介入巴黎协议初次全球清点，这是缔约方对力度、落实和合作进行回头看的主要机遇，以合适巴黎协议温控方针，行将全球平均气温上升节制在低在2 C以内并尽力限制在1.5 C以内，并与缔约方决心连结1.5 C温控方针可实现相一致。 二十4、两国致力在配合尽力并与其他缔约方一道，以协商一致体例告竣全球清点决议。两国认为，该决议： 应表现在实现巴黎协议方针方面获得的本色性积极进展，包罗该协议增进了缔约方和非缔约方好处攸关方的步履，和世界在温升轨迹方面比拟没有协议较着处在较好的状态； 应斟酌公允，并参考现有最好科学，包罗最新 IPCC 陈述； 应在各个主题范畴连结均衡，包罗回首性和响应性要素，并与巴黎协议设计连结一致； 应表现实现巴黎协议方针需要连系分歧国情，在步履和撑持方面年夜幅加强大志和增强落实； 应在能源转型(可再生能源、煤/油/气)、丛林等碳汇、甲烷等非二氧化碳气体，和低碳手艺等方面发出旌旗灯号； 熟悉到国度自立进献的国度自立决议性质并回首巴黎协议第四条第4款，应鼓动勉励2035年全经济规模国度自立进献涵盖所有温室气体； 应表现顺应相当主要，并辅以一项强有力的决议，以提出一个有力度的全球顺应方针框架 加快顺应，包罗制订方针/指标以增强顺应有用性；为成长中国度缔约方供给初期预警系统；增强要害范畴(例如食粮、水、根本举措措施、健康和生态系统)顺应尽力； 应留意到发财国度预期2023年实现1000亿美元天气资金方针，重申催促发财国度缔约方将其供给的顺应资金最少翻倍；等候COP29经由过程新的集体量化资金方针；并使资金活动合适巴黎协议方针； 应接待并赞美过渡委员会关在成立解决损掉和侵害问题的资金放置，包罗为此设立一项基金的建议； 应强调国际合作的主要感化，包罗天气危机的全球性要求尽量普遍的合作，而这类合作是实现有力度的减缓步履和蔼候韧性成长的要害鞭策身分。 二十5、中美两国致力在进一步增强对话、协作尽力，撑持主席国阿联酋成功举行COP28。 The Sunnylands Statement on Enhancing Cooperation toAddress the Climate Crisis Recalling the meeting between President Xi Jinping and President Joseph R. Biden in Bali, Indonesia, China and the United States reaffirm their commitment to work jointly and together with other countries to address the climate crisis. In this regard, China Special Envoy for Climate Change Xie Zhenhua and U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate John Kerry met in Beijing from 16 to 19 July 2023 and at Sunnylands, California, from 4 to 7 November 2023 and released the followings: 1. China and the United States recall, reaffirm, and commit to further the effective and sustained implementation of the April 2021 China-U.S. Joint Statement Addressing the Climate Crisis and the November 2021 China-U.S. Joint Glasgow Declaration on Enhancing Climate Action in the 2020s. 2. China and the United States recognize that the climate crisis has increasingly affected countries around the world. Alarmed by the best available scientific findings including the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, China and the United States remain committed to the effective implementation of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement, reflecting equity and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in light of different national circumstances, to achieve the Paris Agreement s aim in accordance with its Article 2 to hold the global average temperature increase to well below 2 degrees C and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5 degrees C, including efforts to keep 1.5 degrees C within reach. 3. China and the United States remain committed to the effective implementation of the Paris Agreement and decisions thereunder, including the Glasgow Climate Pact and the Sharm el-Sheikh Implementation Plan. Both countries stress the importance of COP 28 in responding meaningfully to the climate crisis during this critical decade and beyond. They are aware of the important role they play in terms of both national responses and working together cooperatively to address the goals of the Paris Agreement and promote multilateralism. They will work together and with other Parties to the Convention and the Paris Agreement to rise up to one of the greatest challenges of our time for present and future generations of humankind. 4. China and the United States decide to operationalizethe Working Group on Enhancing Climate Action in the 2020s, to engage in dialogue and cooperation to accelerate concrete climate actions in the 2020s. The Working Group will focus on the areas of cooperation that have been identified in the Joint Statement and the Joint Declaration, including on energy transition, methane, circular economy and resource efficiency, low-carbon and sustainable provinces/states cities, and deforestation, as well as any agreed topics. The Working Group will carry out information exchanges on policies, measures, and technologies for controlling and reducing emissions, share their respective experiences, identify and implement cooperative projects, and evaluate the implementation of the Joint Statement, the Joint Declaration, and this Statement. The Working Group is co-led by the two special envoys on climate change, with the appropriate participation of officials from the relevant ministries and government agencies of the two countries. 5. China and the United States will, on the road to COP 28 and beyond, accelerate, inter alia, the following concrete actions, including practical and tangible collaborative programs and projects under the Working Group. Energy Transition 6. Both countries support the G20 Leaders Declaration to pursue efforts to triple renewable energy capacity globally by 2030 and intend to sufficiently accelerate renewable energy deployment in their respective economies through 2030 from 2020 levels so as to accelerate the substitution for coal, oil and gas generation, and thereby anticipate post-peaking meaningful absolute power sector emission reduction, in this critical decade of the 2020s. 7. Both sides agree to restart the China-U.S. Energy Efficiency Forum to deepen policy exchanges on energy-saving and carbon-reducing solutions in key areas including industry, buildings, transportation, and equipment. 8. China and the United States intend to recommence bilateral dialogues on energy policies and strategies, carry out exchanges on mutually agreed topics, and facilitate track II activities to enhance pragmatic cooperation. 9. The two countries aim to advance at least 5 large-scale cooperative CCUS projects each by 2030, including from industrial and energy sources. Methane and Other Non-CO2GHG Emissions 10. The two countries will implement their respective national methane action plans and intend to elaborate further measures, as appropriate. 11. The two countries will immediately initiate technical working group cooperation on policy dialogue, technical solutions exchanges, and capacity building, building on their respective national methane action plans to develop their respective methane reduction actions/targets for inclusion in their 2035 NDCs and support each country s methane reduction/control progress. 12. The two countries intend to cooperate on respective measures to manage nitrous oxide emissions. 13. The two countries intend to work together under the Kigali Amendment to phase down HFCs and commit to ensure application of ambitious minimum efficiency standards for all cooling equipment manufactured. Circular Economy and Resource Efficiency 14. Recognizing the importance of developing circular economy and resource efficiency in addressing the climate crisis, relevant government agencies of the two countries intend to conduct a policy dialogue on these topics as soon as possible and support enterprises, universities, and research institutions of both sides to engage in discussions and collaborative projects. 15. China and the United States are determined to end plastic pollution and will work together and with others to develop an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including the marine environment. Subnational Cooperation 16. China and the United States will support climate cooperation among states, provinces, and cities with regard to areas including, inter alia, the power, transportation, buildings, and waste sectors. Both sides will facilitate subnational governments, enterprises, think tanks, and other stakeholders to actively participate in the cooperation. The two countries will meet periodically, as agreed, for policy dialogue, best practices sharing, information exchange, and to facilitate cooperative programs. 17. China and the United States intend to hold a high-level event on subnational climate action in the first half of 2024. 18. Both sides welcome with appreciation existing subnational cooperation between the two countries and encourage states, provinces, and cities to promote practical climate cooperation. Forests 19. Both sides commit to advance efforts to halt and reverse forest loss by 2030, including by fully implementing through regulation and policy, and effectively enforcing, their respective laws on banning illegal imports. They intend to engage in discussions and exchanges, including under the Working Group, on ways to improve efforts to strengthen implementation of this commitment. GHG and Air Pollutant Reduction Synergy 20. Both countries intend to cooperate in promoting relevant policies and measures and the deployment of technologies to enhance synergy of controlling GHG emissions and air pollutants, including NOX, VOCs, and other tropospheric ozone precursors. 2035 NDCs 21. Reaffirming the nationally determined nature of NDCs, and recalling Article 4.4 of the Paris Agreement, both countries 2035 NDCs will be economy-wide, include all greenhouse gases, and reflect the reductions aligned with the Paris temperature goal of holding the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 degrees C and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees C. COP 28 22. China and the United States, with the United Arab Emirates, invite countries to a Methane and Non-CO2Greenhouse Gases Summit at COP 28. 23. China and the United States look forward to the first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement, which is a vital opportunity for the Parties to reflect on ambition, implementation, and cooperation, in line with the Paris temperature goal to hold the global average temperature increase to well below 2 degrees C and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5 degrees C, and the Parties resolve to keep a 1.5 degree C limit on temperature rise within reach. 24. Both countries are committed to working with each other and with other Parties to adopt a consensus Global Stocktake decision. In the view of both countries, the decision: should reflect that there has been substantial positive progress toward achieving the objectives of the Paris Agreement, including that the Agreement has catalyzed action by both Parties and non-Party stakeholders and that the world is considerably better off in terms of its temperature trajectory than it would have been in the absence of the Agreement; should take account of equity and be informed by the best available science, including the most recent IPCC reports; should be balanced across thematic areas, include both retrospective and responsive elements, and be consistent with the design of the Paris Agreement; should reflect that substantially more ambition and implementation on action and support will be needed to achieve the Paris Agreement s goals, recognizing different national circumstances; should send signals with respect to the energy transition (renewable energy, coal/oil/gas), carbon sinks including forests, non-CO2gases including methane, and low-carbon technologies, etc.; recognizing the nationally determined nature of NDCs and recalling Article 4.4 of the Paris Agreement, should encourage economy-wide 2035 NDCs covering all greenhouse gases; should reflect the critical importance of adaptation and be accompanied by a robust decision that delivers an ambitious framework for the global goal on adaptation one that accelerates adaptation, including developing targets/indicators to enhance adaptation effectiveness; delivering early warning systems for developing country Parties; and strengthening adaptation efforts in key areas (e.g. food, water, infrastructure, health, and ecosystems); should note the expectation of the developed countries that the 美金100b goal will be met in 2023, reaffirm the urging of developed country Parties to at least double their provision of adaptation finance; anticipate the adoption by COP 29 of the new collective quantified goal; and make finance flows consistent with the Paris Agreement goals; should welcome with appreciation the recommendations of the Transitional Committee with respect to establishing funding arrangements to address loss and damage, including the establishment of a fund; and should emphasize the important role of international cooperation, including that the global nature of the climate crisis calls for the widest possible cooperation and that such cooperation is a critical enabler for achieving ambitious mitigation action and climate-resilient development. 25.China and the United States are committed to further their dialogues, efforts, and collaboration to support the UAE Presidency for the success of COP 28.

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